命令行设置开机启动项

本文备注将一个启动脚本用命令行的方式加入到 macOS开机启动项

-> 准备脚本

以 jenkins slave为例:

#!/bin/bash

cd /Users/admin/jenkins_ws/

java -jar agent.jar -jnlpUrl http://<jenkins-server>:8080/computer/mac/slave-agent.jnlp -secret e8fdcd526966ee132a7728b08a529b2929a09a52cbdcd13a9243f03f163884d1 -workDir "/Users/admin/jenkins_ws"

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脚本路径为：/Users/admin/jenkins_ws/start-slave.sh
给脚本添加执行权限 chmod +x start-slave.sh

-> 配置启动项

这里分为两步：

启动项配置
启动项配置放的位置

-> 启动项配置

先说配置，此处需要一个定制的 xml形式的配置，eg：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" 
"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
  <dict>
    <key>EnvironmentVariables</key>
    <dict>
      <key>PATH</key>
      <string>/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:</string>
    </dict>
    <key>Label</key><!--服务命名-->
    <string>com.jenkins-service</string>
    <key>Program</key><!--启动脚本绝对路径-->
    <string>/Users/admin/jenkins_ws/start-slave.sh</string>
    <key>RunAtLoad</key> <!--开机启动-->
    <true/>
    <key>KeepAlive</key><!--是否保活-->
    <dict>
	    <key>SuccessfulExit</key>
	    <false/>
      <key>NetworkState</key>  
		  <true/>
    </dict>
    <key>ThrottleInterval</key><!--seconds to wait between program invocations-->
    <integer>10</integer>
    <key>LaunchOnlyOnce</key><!--仅启动一次，会影响保活-->
    <true/>
    <key>StandardOutPath</key>
    <string>/tmp/startup.stdout</string>
    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
    <string>/tmp/startup.stderr</string>
    <key>UserName</key><!--指定用户启动, 仅root用户启动时生效-->
    <string>admin</string>
  </dict>
</plist>

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配置脚本命名为 com.jenkins-service.plist

-> 启动项位置

配置脚本写好了，放的位置有多个选择

LaunchAgents，当用户登录到图像界面后启动
LaunchDaemons 系统启动后运行

具体的放置路径有：

~/Library/LaunchAgents, Per-user agents provided by the user.
/Library/LaunchAgents, Per-user agents provided by the administrator.
/Library/LaunchDaemons, System-wide daemons provided by the administrator.
/System/Library/LaunchAgents, Per-user agents provided by macOS.
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons, System-wide daemons provided by macOS.

看需求选择，对于本例，我选择的路径为 /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.jenkins-service.plist

-> 启动

# 加载配置并启动，重启会自启动
sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.jenkins-service.plist

#查看服务是否启动
sudo launchctl list | grep jenkins

# 停止服务并取消自启动，下次重启不会重新运行
# -w参数标记该服务为 disabled，不加该参数则重启仍然会启动
sudo launchctl unload -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.jenkins-service.plist
# 标记该服务为 not disabled并启动
sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.jenkins-service.plist

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launchctl start <label>: Starts the job. This is usually reserved just for testing or debugging a particular job.
launchctl stop <label>: Stops the job. Opposite of start, and it's possible that the job will immediately restart if the job is configured to stay running.
launchctl remove <label>: Removes the job from launchd, but asynchronously. It will not wait for the job to actually stop before returning, so no error handling on this one.
launchctl load <path>: Loads and starts the job as long as the job is not "disabled."
launchctl unload <path>: Stops and unloads the job. The job will still restart on the next login/reboot.
launchctl load -w <path>: Loads and starts the job while also marking the job as "not disabled." The job will restart on the next login/reboot.
launchctl unload -w <path>: Stops and unloads and disables the job. The job will NOT restart on the next login/restart.

提示

如启动异常，可查看系统日志 tail -f /var/log/system.log

-> 参考

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更新于: 2019-12-12

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